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托福寫作論證素材——工作篇

培森教育托福寫作教研組的老師們在日常教學中發現學生在寫作過程中普遍存在的問題就是：論證過程中缺乏有理有據的論證素材。學生在舉例說明時只能臨時編一些例子，寫完連自己都覺得說服不了，又如何能說服閱文、火眼金睛的考官呢？在此我們特別按話題類別整理了一些論證素材，希望同學們能在平時習作或時靈活運用。

工作類話題語料庫

1.能否同時做多件工作

In modern times, hurry, bustle, and agitation have become a regular way of life for many people—so much so that we have embraced a word to describe our efforts to respond to the many pressing demands on our time: multitasking. Used for decades to describe the parallel processing abilities of computers, multitasking is now shorthand for the human attempt to do simultaneously as many things as possible, as quickly as possible, preferably marshalling the power of as many technologies as possible.

在當今社會，倉促、匆忙和驕躁已經是很多人日常生活不可忽略的一部分了。所以我們找到了一個新詞，用來形容我們面對我們所處時代的壓力時做出的努力，即“同時進行若干工作”。這個詞十幾年來一直是用于描述計算機并行處理能力的，現在成了形容人們盡可能的追求更快更有技術含量的一心多用的一種噱頭。

But more recently, challenges to the ethos of multitasking have begun to emerge. Numerous studies have shown the sometimes-fatal danger of using cell phones and other electronic devices while driving, for example, and several states have now made that particular form of multitasking illegal. In the business world, where concerns about time-management are perennial, warnings about workplace distractions spawned by a multitasking culture are on the rise.

但是近來一段時間，同時進行若干工作的風潮開始面臨挑戰。相當數量的研究表明，有些同時進行若干工作存在致命的危險性，例如正在開車時使用手機或者其他的掌上設備。現在甚至很多多任務處理的方式已經被定為是違法的。在一直注重時間管理的商界，關于同時進行若干工作引起的工作精力分散，正受到越來越多的警惕的目光。

Multitasking might also be taking a toll on the economy. One study by researchers at the University of California at Irvine monitored interruptions among office workers; they found that workers took an average of twenty-five minutes to recover from interruptions such as phone calls or answering e-mail and return to their original task. Discussing multitasking with the New York Timesin 2007, Jonathan B. Spira, an analyst at the business research firm Basex, estimated that extreme multitasking—information overload—costs the U.S. economy $650 billion a year in lost productivity.

同時進行若干工作，可能也會造成經濟損失。加利福尼亞州的研究人員在Irvine有一項研究，監視辦公室里的工作情況；他們發現員工平均需要25分鐘才能從那些手機或者收發郵件的中斷中恢復到手頭的工作上來。2007年，Basex商業研究公司的研究員Jonathan B. Spira，在 時代周刊上發表評論說，信息過載和過度的同時進行若干工作已經造成美國每年65億美元的損失。

 2.事事正確比勇于冒險犯錯更重要嗎？

The first time Stephen Farrell was kidnapped was in Iraq in 2004. It was a thankfully brief affair that ended – with typical persistence from the then Times reporter – with him negotiating the return of his armoured car and most of his equipment. He went on to write up his encounter as an interview, casting light on Iraqi attitudes towards George Bush.

史蒂芬·法雷爾次遭綁架是在2004年的伊拉克。當時還是《時代周刊》記者的他，憑著一貫的堅持不懈，經協商返還他的裝甲車和大部分設備之后，謝天謝地，那場短暫的風波才得以平息。接下來他又將所遭遇的一切以采訪的形式整理成文，令世人更加了解了伊拉克人對喬治·布什的態度。

3.教師行業應實行績效工資？

But Reginald Weaver, the president of the National Education Association, which represents 3.2 million teachers, says the federal focus should instead be on raising teacher salaries and improving working conditions in challenging schools. Craig Richards, a professor of education in the Teachers College at Columbia University, agrees. "It's not that a performance-pay plan couldn't work," he says. "It's that no one has come up with a thoughtful way to do it."

雷金納德·韋弗，代表著3，200，000名教師的主席，聯邦應關注的是落后學校的教師工資，改善落后學校的工作條件。克雷格·理查茲，哥倫比亞教育的一位教育學教授對此表示同意說,“沒有人提出的解決方案。”

In Florida, a legislative plan called Special Teachers Are Rewarded collapsed early this year after educators and their unios called the plan arbitrary, unfair, and divisive. The STAR program would have given bonuses only to the top 25 percent of teachers in the state, and it was based largely on student test scores. It disadvantaged librarians, art and music teachers, and others whose students were not tested.

在佛羅里達，今年初，一項叫做“特別教師獎勵”的立案瓦解了，因為教育者及其聯盟稱它“武斷、不公、矛盾”。“星計劃”只將獎金發給州內在前25的教師，而這很大程度上是以學生的為依據的。這對圖書管理員、美術老師、音樂老師和那些教授不必科目的老師不利。

Carla Sparks, a nationally certified teacher in Tampa who didn't get a $2,000 bonus under the state's latest merit pay program last year, says it's unfair to rate a teacher mostly on student test scores. "If you're evaluating teachers and students on one day of testing, you don't get a true picture," she says. "We have some veteran teachers with outstanding evaluations who have done some remarkable things for education who did not get a bonus, and they are feeling like a failure."

卡拉·斯帕克斯，坦帕市的一位級教師，在州實施新的績效工資情況下，得到的獎金不足2，000美元，說主要依據學生給教師是不公平的。“如果以某的來評價教師和學生，那么你不可能獲知真實的情況，”她說，“我們一些有特別好評的教師曾為教育事業做出過突出貢獻，但他們并未得到獎金，這使他們感覺很自己很失敗。”

4.年輕人對將會影響社會將來的重要決定沒有任何影響？

Han Han is China's rebel writer who has become the unofficial voice for his generation. As a teenager the 27-year-old began writing novels about angst-ridden characters that proved tremendously popular with China's angsty youth. But it is his blog that has propelled him to celebrity status in China and earned him the accolade as one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of 2009. He's been touted as mouthpiece for the "post-80's generation"; China's youth who have grown up during the country's economic boom and are often characterized as apolitical and consumer-obsessed.

韓寒是一個已經成為他的那一代的非官方聲音的中國叛逆作家。 這個27歲的青年開始寫一本關于焦慮纏身的角色并已經在中國的憤青團體中大熱的小說。但是他的博客才是將他推上中國的名人地位并為他掙到了2009年《時代》雜志具影響力100人的榮譽的真正幫手。他已經被追捧為80后的代言人；一群成長于經濟爆炸式增長時期并經常被描繪成不關心政治，癡迷于消費的形象的中國青年。

   

走進培森

杭州培森教育咨詢有限公司是杭州一家專業出國類英語培訓，其特色課程有：雅思、新托福、GRE/GMAT、新SAT/ACT、考研英語等，多年來一直致力于教育培訓事業，引入國外先進的教學方法和理念，憑借多年的教學經驗與教學研究，在教材研發、教學管理、學習控制、學習過程跟蹤及學習行為矯正等各個學習環節已經形成了一整套切實可行的教學方案。 

 

長期以來，培森教育一直致力于出國外語培訓及語言學習產品研發，與此同時，利用其豐富的教育資源及與國外學術間的良好關系，積極推動中國教育和文化界與的合作與交流。杭州培森教育總部位于杭州市中心武林商圈，由教育及專業管理團隊聯合海內外的精英組創。

 

杭州培森教育下設語言培訓中心及文化交流中心。語言培訓中心開設IELTS、TOEFL iBT、TOEFL Junior、SAT、ACT、GRE、GMAT、AEAS等英語類出國課程，以VIP一對一、三人小班、六人小班為教學特色。文化交流中心設有游學項目及澳大利亞、新西蘭、英國公益免費留學申請項目。